The Elusive Jewel: Photographing the Ruby-Crowned Kinglet at Point Pelee National Park

As a bird photographer and workshop leader, few places on Earth are as magical as Point Pelee National Park during spring migration. And among the countless avian jewels that pass through this birding mecca, one tiny dynamo consistently presents immense challenge and reward: the Ruby-crowned Kinglet.

I've just wrapped up another incredible "Songbirds of Pelee" workshop, and as always, the kinglets were a significant topic of conversation – and often, a source of frustration! These little bundles of energy, barely larger than a hummingbird, are constantly in motion. They flit, hop, and dart through the foliage with a seemingly endless supply of caffeine. One moment, they're there; the next, they've vanished, only to reappear a few feet away, meticulously gleaning insects from every crevice.

This constant movement is precisely what makes them so incredibly difficult to photograph. You need fast shutter speeds, quick reflexes, and a healthy dose of patience. Just when you think you've got them in your viewfinder, they've moved on. It's a dance of anticipation and split-second decisions, and every sharp shot feels like a hard-won victory.

I always emphasize an ethical and respectful approach to bird photography during my workshops, especially during migration. We are keenly aware that these birds are expending tremendous energy on their incredible journeys. Therefore, our philosophy is firmly rooted in documenting their lives as they naturally unfold, without any intervention. This means we never use setups. There's no food, no water drip or bird bath, no artificial perches, and no callback to attract them to a "designed" scene.

Our goal is to be observers, to capture the raw beauty and resilience of these creatures as they fuel up and rest before continuing their arduous migrations. We rely on our field skills, understanding of bird behaviour, and ability to anticipate their movements in their natural habitat. When you finally capture that elusive Ruby-crowned Kinglet, perhaps with a hint of that fiery crown peeking through, you know it's a genuine moment, a testament to the bird's natural behaviour and your perseverance.

And what a feeling it is to get that shot! That tiny, bright ruby patch, often hidden, is a testament to their vibrant life force. Photographing the Ruby-crowned Kinglet at Point Pelee isn't just about getting a good image; it's about connecting with the sheer determination of these incredible migrants and appreciating the wild beauty of their journey. It's a humbling reminder of the delicate balance of nature and our role in respecting it.

You know the challenge if you've ever tried photographing these little gems. But for those of us who love it, it's a challenge we eagerly embrace, year after year, here in the avian paradise that is Point Pelee.

Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula, Roitelet à couronne rubis, Reyezuelo rubí, RCKI). From my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop, May 2025, at Point Pelee National Park of Canada. Image Copyright ©Christopher Dodds. Sony a9 III Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 400-800mm f/6.3-8 G OSS Lens @720mm ISO 10,000, f/8 @ 1/5,000s. Manual exposure.

The Ultimate Guide to Spotting Prothonotary Warblers in Ontario

Hi Chris! I'm a regular follower of your blog and recently saw your stunning Prothonotary Warbler with a reflection image. I have tried for years to see and photo of one without success. I understand why you may not answer, but are there any particular spots you can share? - Marc H, Toronto | Canada

I'm thrilled you enjoyed that Prothonotary Warbler shot with its reflection. It was a truly magical moment, and I completely understand your frustration about missing them at Pelee. These stunning, golden jewels of the warbler world can be elusive, and despite their vibrant plumage, it often seems like they are invisible!

While Point Pelee National Park is undoubtedly a hotspot during migration, and you can see them there, it's not always a guaranteed sighting. Prothonotary Warblers are particular about their breeding habitat; favouring flooded bottomland forests and swamps with standing water and decaying trees for nesting cavities. This specialized preference means they aren't as widespread as other warbler species.

So, if you're like me and want to stack the odds in your favour for a reliable Prothonotary Warbler encounter in Ontario, here are a few spots that have a strong track record:

The Best Bets for Prothonotary Warblers in Ontario:

  1. Hillman Marsh Conservation Area (near Point Pelee): Often overlooked by those rushing straight to Pelee, Hillman Marsh is arguably the most reliable spot in Ontario for breeding Prothonotary Warblers. The extensive flooded woodlands and marshy areas here provide an ideal nesting habitat.

    • Tips for viewing: Focus your efforts along the dike trails, particularly in the sections bordering the wet woodlands. Listen for their loud, ringing "sweet-sweet-sweet-sweet" song. Early mornings are best.

  2. Rondeau Provincial Park: Located on the north shore of Lake Erie, Rondeau boasts significant tracts of Carolinian forest and extensive wetlands, making it prime Prothonotary Warbler territory.

    • Tips for viewing: Explore the various trails, especially those that venture into wetter, swampier areas. The Tulip Tree Trail and the South Point Trail can be productive. Again, listen to their distinctive song as they hide high in the canopy.

  3. Long Point Causeway and Provincial Park: The Long Point region, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, is a significant bird migration corridor and also offers suitable breeding habitat for Prothonotaries, particularly in the more secluded wet woodlands.

    • Tips for viewing: While you can find them within the provincial park, check out some less-trafficked areas along the causeway and adjacent conservation areas with flooded timber.

When to Look:

The key to spotting Prothonotary Warblers is timing. They typically arrive in Ontario in late April to early May and breed through the summer. Your best chances for seeing them, and especially hearing their unmistakable song, are from mid-May through June. By July, they can become quieter as the breeding season winds down, and by August, they begin their southward migration.

A Few Prothonotary Warbler Tips:

  • Listen for the song: Their loud, clear "sweet-sweet-sweet-sweet" is often your first clue to their presence, especially when hiding in the dense foliage.

  • Focus on habitat: Look for areas with standing water, dead trees, and dense undergrowth in a flooded woodland environment.

  • Be patient: Like all good birding, patience is key. Find a promising spot, sit quietly, and let the birds come to you.

  • Bring bug spray: These wet environments are also mosquito heaven, so come prepared!

So, while Point Pelee will always hold a special place in our birding hearts, I recommend expanding your search to Hillman Marsh and Rondeau if you're serious about adding the Prothonotary Warbler to your Ontario life list.

Prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea, Pauline orangée, Protonotaria citrea, PROW). From my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop, May 2025, at Point Pelee National Park of Canada. Image Copyright ©Christopher Dodds. Sony a9 III Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 400-800mm f/6.3-8 G OSS Lens @800mm ISO 10,000, f/8 @ 1/5,000s. Manual exposure.

American Bittern Photography: A Rare Encounter in the Marsh

After another successful Songbirds of Pelee workshop, and the last of my enthusiastic participants had headed home, I found myself with that familiar mix of contentment and a touch of melancholy. It's always a joy to share my passion for nature photography and witness my students' incredible progress and excitement. But, with the teaching done, my photographic itch often resurfaces with renewed vigour.

As it often does near any marsh, my mind turned to the ever-elusive American Bittern. For those of you who have tried to photograph these masters of camouflage, you know the drill. They are the true "ghosts of the marsh," with their striped plumage and remarkable "bittern stance" allowing them to melt seamlessly into the reeds. Catching one in flight is a dream, a true testament to patience and a bit of luck. And that was my sole objective as I ventured out for a quick walk before an early night to rest before my 03:00 departure the following day.

My eyes scanning the reeds, my ears tuned for that distinctive "oong-ka-choonk" call that often gives them away. I mentally prepared for the long vigil, the slow stalk, and the likely disappointment because the wind was raging. Because let's be honest, that's often the reality when pursuing such a shy and reclusive subject.

But then… my heart did that little skip, that internal flutter that only a nature photographer understands when something special unfolds before them. There it was. Not hidden, not glimpsed for a fleeting second through a gap in the foliage. No, this magnificent American Bittern was out in the open.

It was on the edge of the marsh, frozen and likely thinking it was invisible to me if it stayed motionless. My breath caught. Not the flight shot I had envisioned, but it was arguably even better. The cloudy, bright, diffused light was perfect, casting even illumination without harsh shadows and an unobstructed view of the entire bird.

I slowly, meticulously, got down to eye level. As you all know, it's a core principle of mine to get down on your subject's level whenever possible. It creates a far more intimate and engaging image, pulling the viewer directly into the bird's world. And in this instance, it made all the difference. With a clear view and that wonderfully uncluttered background, every feather, every detail of its unique form, was beautifully rendered.

It wasn't the dramatic flight shot I had hoped for when I set out, but it was far more rewarding. It was a gift to have this notoriously shy bird present itself so openly, allowing for such a clean and pleasing portrait.

Sometimes, nature has a way of surprising us, of delivering something unexpected that far surpasses our initial intentions. This American Bittern, stepping out of its hidden world and into the open, was a powerful reminder. Moments like these reinforce why we do what we do – the pursuit of the wild, the patience, the dedication, all culminating in those fleeting seconds of pure photographic magic.

American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus, Butor d'Amérique, Avetoro lentiginoso, AMBI). During my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop at Point Pelee National Park of Canada. Image Copyright ©Christopher Dodds. Sony a9 III Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 400-800mm f/6.3-8 G OSS Lens @700mm ISO 6,400, f/8 @ 1/5,000s. Manual exposure.

Nectar, Pollen, and Warblers: A Tennessee Warbler in Prickly Gooseberry at Point Pelee

We witnessed a truly captivating moment during my recent Songbirds of Pelee workshop at Point Pelee National Park of Canada. A Tennessee Warbler, its bill dusted with yellow pollen, was busily foraging for nectar on an Eastern Prickly Gooseberry. It put on quite a show!

A prickly gooseberry patch is an excellent spot to pause and observe birds if the park is quiet. While warblers primarily eat insects, they often supplement their diet with nectar, especially when insects are scarce or during migration. Nectar offers a readily available source of energy, which is incredibly beneficial for birds with high metabolisms, like warblers that have just expended a tremendous amount of energy migrating across Lake Erie.

Interestingly, some warblers, such as the Cape May Warbler, have specialized tongues designed for sipping nectar, highlighting a natural adaptation to this food source. It's a reminder that the natural world is full of amazing adaptations and unexpected sights!

Tennessee Warbler in Prickly Gooseberry (Leiothlypis peregrina, Paruline obscure, Reinita de Tennessee, TEWA) During my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop at Point Pelee National Park of Canada. Image Copyright ©Christopher Dodds. Sony a9 III Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 400-800mm f/6.3-8 G OSS Lens @800mm ISO 10,000, f/8 @ 1/5,000s. Manual exposure.

Cerulean Warbler from Point Pelee

Despite the heavy rain on May 4th at Point Pelee, I found peace in the quiet solitude and the rhythmic sound of the heavy rain on my hood as I scouted for my Sony Photo Walks that would start the next day. This stunning Cerulean Warbler, usually a high-canopy dweller, rewarded my patience shortly after the rain stopped. It's incredibly vibrant colours reminded me of Fuji Velvia film from the 1990s and my old Nikon FM II camera, which I had bought from a long-time Montreal Gazette photojournalist, Allen McInnis. The intense downpour had surprisingly brought this high-foraging bird down to eye level in search of insects to refuel after a long migration. My new favourite lens, the portable and hand-holdable Sony 400-800mm zoom, allowed me the freedom to quickly move and find an unobstructed view through the early spring foliage.

This endangered and brightly coloured warbler makes an incredible journey to the cloud forests of South America, a habitat increasingly threatened by deforestation. This close encounter emphasized the crucial importance of protected areas like Point Pelee for the survival of these long-distance migrants. That rainy morning provided more than just a photograph; it highlighted the delicate beauty of this species and the urgent need to protect its habitat across continents. The peaceful solitude and the jewel-toned bird were a powerful reminder of nature's resilience and the unexpected treasures it can offer.

Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea, Paruline azurée, Reinita cerúlea, CERW). May 4, 2025, while scouting for my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop at Point Pelee National Park of Canada. Image Copyright ©Christopher Dodds. Sony a9 III Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 400-800mm f/6.3-8 G OSS Lens @800mm ISO 10,000, f/8 @ 1/5,000s. Manual exposure.

Swainson's Thrush in First Light at Point Pelee

Our mornings during my Songbirds of Pelee workshop begin before the sun even thinks about waking and painting the eastern horizon with golden light. After a short tram ride to the tip, we navigate the quiet paths, the air thick with the promise of new arrivals. The dawn chorus is just beginning to build, a symphony of unseen voices. And then, perhaps a subtle, fluting call cuts through the other sounds – the telltale sign of a Swainson's Thrush nearby.

More often than not, the bird remains a phantom, its presence only betrayed by its melodic song. But the challenge isn't just in seeing the thrush; it's in finding that magical combination of factors that allows for a photograph. The light, still soft and golden from the rising sun, must penetrate the foliage layers just so. The bird needs to perch, even for a fleeting second, in a spot that offers a relatively unobstructed view. And then, of course, there's the angle of view, the bird's pose and the direction of light – maneuvering ourselves to photograph the bird without disturbing it, ensuring the light graces its features in the most flattering way.

There are moments of intense focus, heartbeats suspended as a potential shot aligns, only to be thwarted by a shift in the bird's position or a stray leaf or branch stubbornly obscuring the view. These near misses are part of the adventure, the moments that make the eventual success all the more rewarding.

And when it finally happens – that moment when the Swainson's Thrush pauses on a decent perch, bathed in the soft glow of first light, with a clean enough line of sight, with a flattering pose and angle…and a catchlight in the eye – it's pure magic. The click of the shutter feels significant, a small victory hard-earned: We learn the patience of a hunter, the art of observation and the importance of tenacity.

Did you know that the Swainson's Thrush undertakes truly epic nocturnal migrations, sometimes flying thousands of kilometres? Even more fascinating is that they primarily navigate using celestial cues – the stars – to guide their journey across continents. Imagine this small, elusive bird using the vastness of the night sky as its map!

If the magic of a Pelee dawn chorus and the rewarding challenge of capturing these fleeting beauties during migration resonates with you, perhaps you're ready to experience it firsthand. Our Songbirds of Pelee workshop offers an immersive opportunity to learn the art of bird photography in one of North America's premier migration hotspots. Click here to visit our workshop page, explore upcoming dates, and discover how you can join us on the tip as the sun rises, chasing those unforgettable moments with the songbirds of Pelee.

Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus, Grive à dos olive, Zorzalito quemado, SWTH). From my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop at Point Pelee National Park of Canada. Image Copyright ©Christopher Dodds. Sony a9 III Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 400-800mm f/6.3-8 G OSS Lens @800mm ISO 5,000, f/8 @ 1/5,000s. Manual exposure.

Point Pelee Vesper Sparrow

The day before my Sony photo walks began (May 4, 2025), while scouting the tip of Point Pelee National Park, I bumped into old friends John Reaume and Scott Fairbairn. We were making our way towards the tip tram stop when we noticed a cluster of photographers lying prone on the wet gravel parking lot. Naturally, we went to investigate what had captured their attention.

Migration at Point Pelee always promises exciting avian encounters, but this year delivered a particularly special treat: a Vesper Sparrow. Commonly seen by avid birders at Point Pelee, it was a rare opportunity to photograph one out in the open; they are usually found in open grassy areas, making it difficult to get a clear, unobstructed view through the lens.

Capturing this image required a bit of strategic maneuvering. This Vesper Sparrow preferred to stay in front of the cement parking curbs placed to define the edge of the parking spots. It would flit and run between these concrete dividers, almost as if following an invisible pathway, never stopping in front of a decent natural-looking background.

To get the low angle I desired and isolate the bird against the greenery, I carefully positioned myself, holding my camera just off the ground by the lens foot of my new Sony 400-800mm zoom rotated to the top, the articulating rear LCD of my Sony a9 III proved invaluable, allowing me to comfortably compose the shot without lying prone on the wet gravel, unlike some other photographers we had encountered.

It's crucial to remember that while the desire to photograph these beautiful migrants is strong, our priority must always be their well-being. Finding and photographing them ethically during this critical period is paramount, ensuring we observe without causing any disturbance to their vital journey. This rare sighting is a gentle reminder of the delicate beauty that passes through places like Point Pelee and the importance of responsible nature photography.

Vesper Sparrow Running (Pooecetes gramineus, Bruant vespéral, Chingolo coliblanco, VESP). From my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop on May 8, 2025, at Point Pelee National Park of Canada. Image Copyright ©Christopher Dodds. Sony a9 III Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 400-800mm f/6.3-8 G OSS Lens @800mm ISO 20,000, f/8 @ 1/5,000s. Manual exposure.

Point Pelee Black-Throated Blue Warbler

The first Christopher Dodds X Sony of Canada photo walk at Point Pelee National Park was a massive success with a great group of keen photographers. Birding started a bit slow in the fog, but thankfully, the rain held off, and we had a busy afternoon with some fantastic birds. We saw many Black-throated Blue Warblers among the mix, and while they were pretty active, they did settle down and pose for pictures occasionally.

This particular Black-throated Blue Warbler paused briefly behind some thick vegetation. I quickly shifted my position to get the right light angle, pre-visualizing the perch and the light. Sure enough, the warbler landed just as I brought my camera up to my eye. Fun fact: the Black-throated Blue Warbler has a distinctive, buzzy song that some people describe as sounding like "I am so la-zee."

Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga caerulescens, Paruline bleue, Reinita azulada, BTBW). From my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop on May 5, 2025, at Point Pelee National Park of Canada. Image Copyright ©Christopher Dodds. Sony a9 III Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 400-800mm f/6.3-8 G OSS Lens @710mm ISO 2,500, f/8 @ 1/5,000s. Manual exposure. Full frame image.

Point Pelee Surprise: Hooded Warbler Magic and Workshop Prep

Yesterday's uneventful nine-hour pre-dawn drive delivered me to Point Pelee, where a quick scouting mission for the upcoming "Songbirds of Pelee" Workshop turned into a surprisingly fantastic afternoon despite the cloudy skies.

While the park isn't teeming with birds, the quality of species encountered was exceptional. My walk began with a Prothonotary Warbler and Northern and Louisiana Waterthrushes showcasing their distinct plumages that even ended up on the same log at one point – a photographic challenge thanks to the many obstructing branches. However, the true highlight for me was a beautiful male Hooded Warbler in fresh breeding plumage. For a full twenty minutes, I had this gem all to myself. Lost in its post-migration feeding frenzy, it remained completely oblivious to my presence. After spending most of its time amidst dense vegetation, it briefly hopped onto a characterful perch with a clean background and offered a fleeting pose. My heart skipped a beat as I gently pressed the shutter, and thanks to pre-capture, I managed a few frames as it took flight. While I prefer smaller perches for warblers, this one has enough character to work - smile!

I chose the Sony a9 mark III paired with the brand new 400-800mm Zoom, and it proved to be a perfectly portable and capable setup for wandering trails looking for migrants; I can't think of a good reason to choose to haul the 600mm around :)

Along the trails, I also enjoyed reconnecting with some old friends: great warblers and good company. The anticipation for the workshop is building! More updates from this incredible birding hotspot will follow soon.

Hooded Warbler (Setophaga citrina, Paruline à capuchon, Reinita encapuchada, HOWA). While scouting for my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop on May 3, 2025 at Point Pelee National Park of Canadaa. Image Copyright ©Christopher Dodds. Sony a9 III Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 400-800mm f/6.3-8 G OSS Lens @800mm ISO 10,000, f/11 @ 1/2,500s. Manual exposure.

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker

The appropriately named sapsuckers are highly specialized woodpeckers that use their sharp beaks to drill neat rows of small holes in the bark of trees. Then, with brush-tipped tongues, they lap up the sap that oozes out and eat the insects it attracts. They sometimes snatch insects in midair, as well, and occasionally feed on wild fruit. In typical woodpecker fashion, sapsuckers excavate nest holes in trees, often dead. Females incubate the eggs during the day, and males take over at night. Both parents share in feeding the young. Unlike other woodpeckers, the sapsuckers are strongly migratory: Yellow-bellied sapsuckers, for instance, travel thousands of miles when the seasons change.

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius, Pic maculé, YBSA) from my SONGBIRDS OF PELEE WORKSHOP at Point Pelee National Park of Canada in Leamington, Ontario, Canada ©Christopher Dodds All Rights Reserved. Sony Alpha a9 III Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 600mm f/4 G Master OSS Lens with Sony FE 1.4X Teleconverter @840mm. ISO 6,400, f/7.1 @ 1/5,000s Manual exposure.

Prothonotary Warbler

A Prothonotary Warbler pauses on an open perch during my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop in Point Pelee National Park of Canada. We had some amazing encounters with at least four Prothonotary Warblers (endangered species in Ontario).

Prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea, Pauline orangée, PROW) from my SONGBIRDS OF PELEE WORKSHOP at Point Pelee National Park of Canada in Leamington, Ontario, Canada ©Christopher Dodds All Rights Reserved. Sony Alpha a9 III Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 600mm f/4 G Master OSS Lens with Sony FE 2X Teleconverter @1,200mm. ISO 20,000, f/8 @ 1/5,000s Manual exposure.

Yellow-throated Warbler

On the morning of May 10, 2019, during my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop at Point Pelee National Park, a Yellow-throated warbler was the star visitor. We had an amazing morning watching it creep over the branches of the trunk of a few trees, much like a Black-and-white Warbler, before it jumped onto this perch in front of the out-of-focus marsh background.

Why Point Pelee? Location! Location! Location!

Point Pelee is part of a peninsula at the crossroads of two major migration routes, extending into the western basin of Lake Erie. It is one of the first points of land spring migrants reach in the pre-dawn hours when crossing Lake Erie at night. Point Pelee’s diverse habitats provide shelter for more than 390 recorded species of birds.

On rare occasions, you may witness a fallout of migrants in the park.  Fallouts or groundings of songbirds occur when a warm weather front advancing from the south or southeast meets a cold weather front moving in from the north or northwest.  Birds will descend when the two fronts meet at ground level or when the birds flying on a warm front override a cold front.

Yellow-throated Warbler (Setophaga dominica, Paruline à gorge jaune, YTWA) Photographer May 10, 2019, during my SONGBIRDS OF PELEE WORKSHOP at Point Pelee National Park of Canada in Leamington, Ontario, Canada ©Christopher Dodds All Rights Reserved. Sony Alpha a9 Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 400mm f/2.8 G Master OSS Lens with Sony FE 2X Teleconverter @800mm. ISO 5,000, f/5.6 @ 1/2,000s Manual exposure.

Blackburnian Warbler

Here is a Blackburnian Warbler from a magical morning at Point Pelee during my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop on May 9, 2019. The birding started slowly, but we soon realized it would be an epic morning when warblers began to appear in increasing numbers. There was no legendary “wave” of Warblers, but it did become difficult to isolate just one bird in an image. I just relived that morning as I prepared this image for publication. All of the images before and after this frame include a Bay-Breasted or a Magnolia Warbler - One of those mornings that makes Point Pelee so legendary for spring migration!

I still have room on my Songbirds of Pelee May 7-11 workshop due to a medical emergency last-minute cancellation. Learn more and sign up for my May 7-11 Songbirds of Pelee Workshop HERE.

The only North American Warbler with an orange throat, the Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca) was named after Anna Blackburne, an English Botanist. The male Blackburinan Warbler's orange throat appears glowing, giving it such previous names as "Firethroat" and "Tourchbird." Bent (1953) wrote, "Blackburnian seems to be a doubly appropriate name, for its upper parts are largely black and its throat burns like a brilliant orange flame amid the dark foliage of the hemlocks and spruces." Favouring Hemlocks, they feed and nest in coniferous trees' upper and outer portions, perhaps to avoid competition with other closely related species. Hidden in dense foliage or Usnea lichen and often as high as 85 feet, Blackburnian Warbler nests are an uncommon victim of Brown-Headed Cowbird parasitism.

Blackburnian Warbler with an ant for breakfast (Dendroica fusca, Paruline à gorge orangée, BLWA) on the beach at the tip of Point Pelee National Park of Canada during my Songbirds of Pelee Workshop. Image Copyright ©Christopher Dodds www.chrisdoddsphoto.com All Rights Reserved. Sony Alpha a9 Mirrorless camera & Sony FE 400mm f/2.8 G Master OSS Lens with Sony FE 2X Teleconverter @800mm ISO 2,500, f/7.1 @ 1/2,000s Manual exposure. Full frame image.